First the cause must be determined. Here is one approach to begin troubleshooting:
Has the computer hardware or a driver recently changed?
Undo the changes to see if normal operation is restored.
Is this a known issue with specific software/driver/hardware combinations?
Research Microsoft Support articles for exact Blue Screen error message parameters.
Is memory faulty?
Perform a memory diagnostic (MemTest86, MemTest86+, etc.) for several hours. Computer must run long enough for internal components to reach typical operating temperatures or hotter. Overnight/24 hours for several diagnostic passes is sufficient.
Is hard drive faulty or damaged?
Perform hard drive diagnostic using drive manufacturer's software utility.
Is file system damaged?
Verify NTFS.SYS file is not corrupt by comparing to original installation media or another identical operating system installation.