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    Ros Posts: 1, Reputation: 1
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    #1

    Mar 4, 2006, 04:12 PM
    Proof by induction and direct
    I need to know how to proof the arithmetic series below by induction and direct.Please help.

    Sum[i=1to n], a_i = n.a_n - sum[i=1 to (n-1)] I{a_(I+1) - a_i}
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    thoth Posts: 4, Reputation: 1
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    #2

    Mar 30, 2006, 11:05 PM
    Hi

    To do the induction proof first start by checking the statement is true for n=1.
    sum_{i=1}^{1}(a_{i})=a_{1}=1*a_{1}.
    Now proceed to the inductive step.
    Assume the statement is true for n=k
    sum_{i=1}^{k+1}(a_{i})=a_{k+1}+sum_{i=1}^{k}(a_{i} )
    =a_{n+1}+ka_{k}-sum_{i=1}^{k-1}[i(a_{i+1}-a_{i})]
    from our inductive assumption.
    Now add and subtract ka_{k+1} to the left hand side to get
    sum_{i=1}^{k+1}(a_{i})=ka_{k+1}-[ka_{k+1}-ka_{k}+sum_{i=1}^{k-1}[i(a_{i+1}-a_{i})]]
    Now grouping ka_{k+1}-ka_{k} into the sum we have the result
    sum_{i=1}^{k+1}(a_{i})=ka_{k+1}-sum_{i=1}^{k}[i(a_{i+1}-a_{i})]
    as required.
    To do this by direct proof expand out the left hand side
    na_{n}-sum_{i=1}^{n-1}[i(a_{i+1}-a_{i})]=
    na_{n}-{(n-1)(a_{n}-a_{n-1})+(n-2)(a_{n-1}-a_{n-2})+... +(n-(n-1))(a_{2}-a_{1})}
    =na_{n}-{n(a_{n}-a_{n-1}+a_{n-1}-... -a_{2}+a_{2}-a_{1})-(a_{n}-a_{n-1}+2a_{n-1}-... +(n-1)a_{2}-(n-1)a_{1})
    These telescope to give
    na_{n}-sum_{i=1}^{n-1}[i(a_{i+1}-a_{i})]=
    na_{n}-[na_{n}-na_{1}-sum_{i=1}^{n}(a_{i})+na_{1}]
    =sum_{i=1}^{n}(a_{i})
    Which is what you need to prove.

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