Do disconnects that are a controlling a receptacle (on the opposite side of the wall) required to have the 30" clearance?

Working space requirements are found at 110.26 in the NEC...
Will this disconnect likely require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized? If so, then the answer is yes.

If you find this answer somewhat vague, welcome to my world... What I can tell you is that everything electrical really needs some clear working space, required or not. Tell me this, how much clear space do you have? If the voltage was 600V would you be comfortable working on this switch live? If your answer is "no" you should probably provide some additional room...

Are you talking about a snap switch controlling a 15 or 20 amp receptacle outlet?

We need quite a bit more help from you in order to answer your inquiry.