As I understand Buddhism, the key to understanding the eightfold path is the four noble truths:
1. The world is full of suffering
2. Desire (attachment) is the real cause of suffering
3. Conquering desire is the only way to happiness
4. Conquering desire must be done the right way (which is the 8fold path)
I suspect that over the past 2500 years Buddhists have found that following the 8fold path helps them conquer attachment. If one is not attached to outcomes, positive or negative, one can take them all as equal - hence no suffering. How well does this work in practice? Ask the Buddha. :)
I'm an Eastern Orthodox Christian, and in my tradition we pray that we may be able to be free from passions. Passions are the addiction to outcomes and in general to behaviors and things that distract us from true spiritual growth - as far as I can tell, this is identical to the Buddhist "doctrine" of detachment. As St John Climacus wrote, whether others speak ill of us or good of us should be the same to us. If we are attached to being spoken of well, we will suffer if we are not spoken of well. BTW, there's a tradition of this in Western Christianity too - see "Abandonment to Divine Providence" by Jean-Pierre de Caussade.
Interestingly, the tools used by an Orthodox Christian to attain passionlessness are not all that different from those used by the Buddhist to attain detachment - askesis (renouncing pleasures of the flesh), mindfulness, stillness, almsgiving, the Jesus Prayer (meditation), guarding the tongue, etc.
Vasily
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