Theoretically you "could"
However as others have stated it is very illegal, dangerous, and just generally unsafe. If the main were left on, you could cause a fire, electrocute a lineman, or burn up the generator when power is restored. To be legal (and safe) you would need to wire a transfer switch or an interlock kit. (You can internet search these).
If you think about it, when it's 3 AM and dark. And you're trying to hook up the generator, you could always forget to shut the main off. Also, someone else could come along and turn the main on not knowing any better, so it's best to do it right.
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