[arammds2000]

I want to ask about the losses that effect on water pipelines

[subbuqc]

in pipe flow they are two types of losses is there 1. major losses 2. minor losses.
major losses is friction losses it is calculating by using Darcy's equation. Hf= 4flv2/2gd. It is directly proportional to the friction factor and length of the pipe.
minor losses are
a) loss of head due to entry of the pipe
b) loss of head due to sudden expansion
c) loss of head due to sudden contraction
d) loss of head due to pipe fittings
e) loss of head due to any obstruction in the pipe.
f) loss of head due to exit of the pipe


in above losses only we can consider only major losses