Last week, I was reading a book about japanese company's global strategy. At that time, one question came up on my mind. That is this "Usually when Japanese company seek to explore new business in other countries, the company make international office and send japanese staff as an office manager. So when the headquarter want to see the information of an international office, they ask an office manager to send their info. In this case, international office doesn't have much power or authority such as decision making. Or I can say the headquarter doesn't allow them to have the power. Thus the headquarter spend a lot of time to gather the information and then order them what to do next. I think It slow down company speed.
My question is how does big world wide company such as GE, RedBull, P&G, Starbucks, Nestle, etc... manage their international offices? and how do they analyze those offices? Do they have specific division or hub that gather all information to analyze? Or Do they allow international office to make their own decisions?"

Dude, they pay district/regional managers big bucks to make the right decisions, or they replace them with someone who can. Everybody in the chain has a boss to answer to when results are not met as expected, and many have a board of directors that picks THE BIG GUY to head the company.

They have a whole department to examine the data and crunch the numbers and nowadays results can go around the world with a click of a computer key.

It's referred to as a corporate structure.