My toilet started to overflow so I turned the valve to quit the water supply. When I turn it back on it makes a loud noise. Do I need to plunge the toilet flush and then turn the water back on? In need of help please

If your toilet overflowed it is because of a blockage somewhere in the drain pipe. Yes, you need to clear the blockage. You can try plunging, that might work. You may have to snake the drain to clear the blockage.
After plunging, pour water in the toilet using a bucket, to see if it drains. Pour two or three buckets of water. If it drains OK then turn the water back on. The noise is probably caused by a loose washer in a valve somewhere. That can be fixed later.

You did not need to shut off the water supply as long as you do not flush again until the problems is fixed. If plunging does not work borrow or buy a toilet auger, they are not like a normal snake. PlumbCraft 7730010 Plumb Craft Waxman Group Titan Duty Toilet Auger | ATG Stores

Both experts gave you excellent advises I am also adding the link below, please open the link and watch the clip hope it will work, good luck.

John

How to Unclog a Toilet [VIDEO] | Secret to Unclogging a Toilet | The Art of Manliness