I recently brought some property from my mom. She had money problems and owed 0ver 10k of back taxes. Do I owe these back taxes or do I owe from when I purchased it?

Well at normal closing back taxes have to be paid at or before closing.
But since this is between family, if she owed back taxes, they are still owed on this property, and if not paid, they can sell the property for failure to pay back taxes ( tax lien)

So you have to be sure they are paid, just you buying the house does not take away the obligation to pay the taxes, so if they were not paid at closing on your home, you basically owe them now.