If a house is in foreclosure can I file bankruptcy on it after the foreclosure procedure has already started?

Yes, you can file for protection under the bankruptcy code.

If it is a residence, you will eventually have to pay the amount owed, or surrender the property, but a bankruptcy filing will stay the foreclosure from proceeding for a while.

Under a Chapter 13 plan, you would pay the mortgage payments and bring the loan current. At the conclusion of the bankruptcy (in 3 to 5 years, depending on your income and other factors), you would continue to make the mortgage payments until the loan is paid off.