I'm male US citizen married my wife (Non US citizen) in Las Vegas on Nov 2013. She came here on tourist visa in Nov and she has gone back to Thailand in Dec 2013. We have not process any paper work to apply to her social security number yet. Can I claim her as my spouse filing joint return?

Your best course of action is to get back in country, then (and onlty then) apply for a SSN. It takes about two weeks TOPS to get an SSN, at which time you can file a joint return.