Okay I was driving to work one day and all of a sudden the truck got really hot and by the time I realised how hot it had gotten, it had just shut off and I was coasting. I looked under the hood and there was black oil looking stuff sprayed everywhere but there was still oil in the tank thing.. as you can tell I don't know anything about vehicles really and I was wondering what the problem could be and if anyone would know how to fix it without having to take it to a mechanic

Hard to diagnose by "black oil lookin stuff " and harder to tell you how to fix it without seeing what it might be. Radiator hose broken? Heater hoses intact? Overflow tank purged? Could be a blown head gasket. Someone with basic mechanic skills should be able to help diagnose but not sight unseen. PS it's called an oil pan.

Do any of the hoses feel soft or look swollen rather than firm?