I am building an electrical bottle crusher. Currently the commercial products I have seen, studied all use a SINGLE PHASE motor, but I want my bottle crusher to have the ability to go forward, and crush bottles, but also to go backwards, only briefly for any potential clogs or jams. The operation I envision is similar to a paper shredder, where you go forward and shred 99% of the time but need the ability to go backwards to unjam and then reshred something.

I want this motor to be SMALL, CHEAP and EFFECTIVE>

My question is do I need a 3 phase motor to accomplish this?

Can you recommend a particular one?

Do you have any other suggestions to assist me.

Thank you.

Single phase motors have the ability to reverse, as well as 3 phase, I would stick to single phase as it is Everywhere and residences.
3 Phase is usually Commercial. Depending on how large of an area, or required force to crush, will determine which size of motor.
I wonder if it could provide a little impact as well as steady pressure, may be able to get away with less force?

How big a crusher are we talking about? A big commercial unit? Do you have 3 phase available? With most crushers, the reversing is done through a hydraulic valve. The motor turns one way, the valve reverses the piston. Give us a little more info. Please.

A Poor mans way could be to take an elevator to a height, and drop them into a container with steel bars across, shattering bottles as they drop?