When a parent works for a child they can be exempted from paying social security.

Does that election affect the amount of future social security income to be received at retirement?

Does that election bar future receipt of social security income at retirement?

It doesn't 'bar future receipt of social security income at retirement' but it isn't counted towards the amount you will receive from other income that does have SS withheld.

Okay. Good. Which I believe means that less of the SS income is taxed in certain situations.