a. Councils of a dozen male property owners.
b. a miniature version of Congress.
c. the king of England.
d. groups of talented politicians and lawyers.

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I don't know, but the crown appointed governors, and in Massachusetts anyway (and in the early 1700s that included Maine, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick) , a council stepped in if the governor and deputy governor were both absent. So I'd guess a. But as said, we help, we don't do homework for you.