What does a thermal limiter do on a oven would it cause the rcd to trip on the consumer box

The thermal limiter is a safety that opens the circuit when the temp gets too high. Since you abbreviated "rcd" I have no answer there and I do not understand what you mean by "consumer box." You need to spell things out and explain, plus tell us more about the make and description of the oven: There are dozens of types of ovens and ranges, all different.