I wrote a check to a friend on a closed account, unknowingly. My friend deposited the check at his bank and the same day the bank called him and told him that th check was no good. The bank kept the check. I gave my friend cash for what I owed the same day. Will the bank file charges even though no one suffered a loss?

If he just deposited the check then not likely.

The bank will not give the check back. I am so scared. I don't know what to do. The bank didn't lose any money or my friend.

There is nothing you can do.

Banks do not "give the check back" hardly every any more, they will mail a notice to him
* most do not call next day, don't know any that do that**
And he will get a copy of the check showing the money ( plus a service fee) was charged back to his account. Be sure and pay him back the service fee.

No the bank does not press charges, your friend would have to press charges.