Also does the employer submit anything to the government also?

If you received a 1099 it will state on the 1099 if any taxes were withheld. If you received 1099 as an independent contractor, then you are responsible for paying all taxes.

As for whether the employer submits anything to the governent - he sends a copy of the 1099 form to the IRS.

You should be aware that as a self-employed contractor you are responsible for paying your own income tax as well as payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare).