1. Below is an unadjusted trial balance for Acme Machine Tool Company as of December 31, 2011.
Account Title Debit Credit
Cash 161,500
Accounts Receivable 45,000
Prepaid Insurance 4,500
Prepaid Rent 6,000
Inventory 26,000
Shop Supplies 12,000
Note Receivable 20,000
Equipment 20,000
Accumulated Depreciation 5,500
Accounts Payable 42,000
Salaries Payable 0
Note Payable 80,000
Common Stock 100,000
Retained Earnings 0
Sales Revenue 651,500
Cost of Goods Sold 122,000
Salaries Expense 299,000
Rent Expense 66,000
Insurance Expense 49,500
Utilities Expense 42,000
Depreciation Expense 5,500
Totals 879,000 879,000

The Acme Machine Tool Company needs to prepare financial statements at the end of December, 2011 for presentation to its bank. Acme Machine Tool began operation on January 1, 2011 and is completing their first full year of operations.

You have just acquired Acme Machine Tool as a new client for your CPA firm. The owner told you about the following events that have occurred:
a. Acme Machine Tool pays the rent for the entire year on January 1 of each year. The rent is currently $72,000 per year.
b. Monthly depreciation on the equipment is $500. No depreciation has been recorded for December.
c. Acme Machine Tool purchased a business insurance policy at the beginning of 2011 when they began business. The premium was $54,000. The insurance premium was correctly recorded in the Prepaid Insurance account when it was purchased at the beginning of 2011. No entry has been made to record the insurance expense for December.
d. The owner just purchased a business insurance policy for the upcoming year. The policy will begin on January 1, 2012 and ends on December 31, 2012. The premium for the policy is $60,000. The owner wrote a check to the insurance company and gave it to his broker on December 18, 2011. The owner has not recorded the check payment in his accounting records yet because he does not want to recognize such a huge expense at the end of his first year in business – he is afraid it will hurt his profits and make his business less desirable to the bank.
e. Acme Machine Tool has three employees. They are paid bi-weekly every other Friday. The most recent paycheck was on Friday, December 23 for the pay period ending December 17. The next payday will be on Friday, January 6, 2012. No entry has been made to record the payroll expense for December 18 through December 31. The pay due to the employees for this period is $12,458.

Let me make some changes on the unadjusted trial balance since debits and credits are not clear.
I will put (D) after the amount debited and (C) after the amount credited just in case.

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  Account Title            Debit        Credit
Cash                          161,500(D)       
Accounts Receivable          45,000(D)       
Prepaid Insurance            4,500(D)       
Prepaid Rent                    6,000(D)       
Inventory                  26,000(D)       
Shop Supplies                  12,000(D)       
Note Receivable                  20,000(D)       
Equipment                  20,000(D)       
Accumulated Depreciation                5,500(C)
Accounts Payable                      42,000(C)
Salaries Payable                            0(C)
Note Payable                              80,000(C)
Common Stock                              100,000(C)
Retained Earnings                            0(C)
Sales Revenue                              651,500(C)
Cost of Goods Sold          122,000(D)       
Salaries Expense          299,000(D)       
Rent Expense                  66,000(D)       
Insurance Expense          49,500(D)       
Utilities Expense          42,000(D)       
Depreciation Expense            5,500(D)       
Totals                          879,000    879,000

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A. You need more information like was the payment recorded as a Prepaid Rent or was it recorded as an Expense. If it was recorded as prepaid Rent you need to do an adjusting entry to transfer the amount of rent from the Prepaid amount to the expense account.

B. The amount is given to you and all you need to do is record depreciation expense for one month.

C. This is similar to A, except you know the amount was recorded as a Prepaid so you have to transfer the amount to the expense account.

D. You just need to journalize the transaction to the PrePaid account.

E. The amount is given to you so you just need to record the salaries expense.

Given your explanation, I made adjusting entries. Can you check if it is correct?

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Date        Account Description              Debit        Credit
Dec. 31        Rent expense                  6,000
          Prepaid rent                                6,000

    31 Depr. expense on equipment      500
          Accum. Depr. on equipment                  500
 
    31 Insurance expense              4,500
                    Prepaid Insurance                4,500
       
    31        Prepaid insurance for 2011    60,000
                    Cash                        60,000
       
    31 Salaries Expense              12,458
                  Salaries Payable                12,458

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You got it, everything looks looks good.

Thank you so much for helpming me out!
I hope you have a wonderful day! :)

Thank you so much for helpming me out!
I hope you have a wonderful day!