Currently there is only one black, white and ground in the switch box

Can't be done. What you have at the switch is a switch loop. When a switch loop is employed, power cable is taken to the light box. The neutral is connected directly to the light. The hot of the incoming power cable is connected to one of the wires going to the switch. The other wire of the switch loop is connected to the light. Power goes to the switch on one wire and back to the light on the other (when the switch is on).

As you can see there is no neutral at the switch.

What exactly are you trying to do?

You can run a cable (say 14/2 for a 15 amp circuit to a switch).

Black in the cable from the receptacle would terminate at the bottom of the switch. Then Black would continue from the top of the switch through to equipment.

White would not be interrupted at the switch but would continue straight on to the fixture.