I am not a citizen of the U.S however I am getting married soon. I am currently on a F-1 Visa and I have to work on campus and no other place. How do I go about this and how lond does it takes before I am able to do things without restrictions?

You have restrictions on ANY VISA... and will have until you apply for and get get a green card. There is no period after which you can do what you want.

Marry, have your wife file the I-130 relative petition and you concurrently file the I-485 AOS with the EAD application. 90 days to get EAD issued, then you work with that with minimal restrictions.