72 hours before charged, after arrest they normally have a first appearance where charges are read.

Now if it is for violatoin of probation, there is no real time frame.

More info will be needed.

And it is not an indictment by courts, it is a formal charge by the DA office or an indictment by a grand jury.

After the DA office indicts someone a warrant is issued, at the time of arrest, they can either waive a first appearance or they may have one. Then a bail hearing will be set.
If they make bail normally they can not get a public defender.

After they are charged, if they do not make bail, it is not uncommon to be in jail for 6 to 13 months awaiting the actual trial ( if it is more serious)
For more minor things, like tresspass, minor theft, they will be in jail about 3 to 4 months before they come to trial.

It takes the crime lab about 6 to 10 months to process a lot of the evidence.