I have a 1997 Chevrolet Malibu with a V6 231 engine . It has an overheating problem. The coolant and coolant thermostat have been replaced. The electric cooling fan does not turn on when the engine starts to reach its normal operating temperature. I have to turn on the air conditioning so that the two electric cooling fans by the radiator turn on. I have to drive with the AC on to prevent the engine from overheating.

I may be reading it wrong.
The fan does not turn on to bring engine up to operating temperature. It kicks in when a heat sensor on the motor sees too much heat and connects to ground(usually).
You would be better off turning on your heater to reduce heat in an emergency, may be uncomfortable for you, but is an additional small radiator for the Engine.
Thermostat installed correctly?

This link should help you quickly solve the problem:

https://www.askmehelpdesk.com/cars-t...ml#post1642158

The ECT Switch is the likely culprit.

This link will also help:

https://www.askmehelpdesk.com/cars-t...tml#post235973