Say I have a loan for $196,000.00 it is a 30 year fixed rate and my monthly payment is $1522.66. What is my interest rate? PS this is not for homework, I am just trying to figure out how you would calculate to find the answer. I don't need the answer just maybe an explanation on how to go about finding out the answer

Those calculations are not the type that can easily be done on paper... so here's an amortization calculator for just that:
http://ray.met.fsu.edu/~bret/amortize.html