Hello. =)
I asked about fleas on my dog last month and I'm here to ask another question.
Yesterday, we acquired a 2 month old kitten. We think she got fleas from wherever she lived before.
We used a shampoo, some died, but there are still ones that are alive.
My question is:
1) Will the shampoo eventually kill the rest of them?
2) What is the best way to manually get them off her? I tried using a comb with Vaseline, but it didn't work very well.

It will not eventually kill the rest. It really has no residual effect.
Go to the vet and get a product called Revolution. It kills 3 of the 4 life stages of the flea. Use it for 3 months and it generally gets rid of them.

8 weeks is really too young to use harsh pesticides like flea shampoo and treatments. There are all natural methods of killing fleas that will be safer for the baby.

Also, treating the animal will do nothing if you aren't also treating the house. You need to wash all bedding the kitty uses and anything else he spends a lot of time on or around, that can be washed. Use diatomaceous earth on the carpets and anything that can't be washed. It's completely safe around animals, but will kill the fleas.

Here are some websites that outline some natural remedies:
Natural, Non-toxic Flea Control - Eartheasy.com Solutions for Sustainable Living

Natural Flea Control for Cats: Safe, Non-Toxic Methods for Ridding Homes and Pets of Fleas

Natural Flea Control Methods
(take special note of the directions to make your own flea powder)