Is there some sort of stick tape (3M) that I can use to hang garland on my brick arch (outside) only temporary (for Holiday's).

Tape never sticks to brick very well, and is affected by the wet. I don't know of the alternatives, maybe a form of blu-tack or plasticine would be best - but that may well leave a stain.

Maybe someone will be able to provide a better answer.

Use brick clips.
http://www.shopwiki.com/Brick+Clips