I've just started accounting and find it very confusing. I've read articles and books and still find it very confusing. I just need a simple description on adjustments. I did the trial balance and the figure came to 1,183,687 and of 2009. The adjustments are for Jan 2010 and are:
Adding 120,000 capital June 2010
Personal stock sold 12,000 including 50% mark up
Closing stock 130,000 - 70,000 at cost & 60,000 marked up at 50%
Allowance on bad debts 5% of credit sales
Rent paid April 2009 for 12 months
Wages due Dec 2009 6850
Outstanding bill of 5550 but delay payment to July 2010
Furniture purchased July 2009 and used for 5 years
Equipment purchased Jan 2008, last for 5 years and bought back by supplier 10,000, may require servicing.
I DON'T want the answer, just guidance on which of these are adjustments and ways to calculate the adjustments.
Thanks

Unfortunately, adjusting entries come in all sorts of varieties and there isn't any "one" explanation. They do all fit into categories, but what you listed is a variety of different things and I can't give you "one" explanation.

What I can do is give you a link to adjusting entries:
Principles of Accounting Chapter 3

This of course may not be any more useful than what you've already read. What you may need to do is ask very specific questions of what you don't understand. If you read something that doesn't make any sense, ask what that part means. Then we can answer actual questions rather than trying to explain an entire chapter in a post.

(Just as a note, what your trial balance came to is irrelevant. It's only relevant that the debits and credits match. The number itself has no meaning at all. The list you have is missing some details. And the first three items don't make any sense. It's a good idea not to try paraphrasing stuff, but rather write it exactly as it is written.)