I have a house with an A/C unit that for the past 5 years that I have lived here has worked fine. Tonight I thought it was raining outside only to find that the airconditioner was pouring water out the bottom. My setup has an empty compartment under the unit where I can see the bottom of the air filter and the air goes up into the filter. The water is coming from the back side of the air filter and dripping straight down. I currently have a bucket catching the water.

You should see a line coming off your A-Coil that should be directing condensation out (typically through a plastic or pvc pipe) to where it can drain... typically to a crawl space or floor drain.

You need to (as a first step) get in there to see where your condensation is going.

Can you see the A-Coil (click here for some pictures), the pan under it, and the line that drains the condensation?

After looking at the pictures, I could see the A-Coil when I took the filthy air filter out. The drain comes off the front of the unit. I could not see a pan under the A-Coil... the air filter goes there. The water last night was soaking through the air filter on the opposite side of the drain line. I left it off overnight and just put a brand new filter in and it's been on for 10 minutes. There is a pvc pipe coming off the front of the unit that has a section that I can unscrew and see the water flowing. The water is standing still and not flowing at this moment.

If the air filter was really dirty. Your unit probably froze up causing your water.