I have lived in 3 states this year, moved for jobs. I am from CO, lived in CA for the summer, and am now in my third state. How do I file state taxes this year? Do I file in all 3 and what do I file as, temporary residency/ non-resident? Will the states only tax me on the income earned there or what was earned the whole year? I have no idea where to start!

You file as part-year resident of all three states. Each will require you to report all your income, but each taxes you only on the portion of income you earned whle living and/or working in that state.