Ok, so everyone said this would be easy.

The kid at (insert popular electronics store here) said it would be no problem to use my already owned/unused router to set up a WAP that will connect with the other router in the house, so I can 1: hook my vonage device into my router, and 2: rebroadcast wireless signal on this side of the house.

Netgears website also says this is possible, with link here: http://kbserver.netgear.com/kb_web_files/n101496.asp

Followed those instructions exactly, and I have had no success. I really need some help with this one. Any advice that DOES NOT include go out and buy something would be greatly appreciated.

Don't know if this will work, but go into the router and disable DHCP. If it is pushing DHCP, then even if you were to connect to the other router as a WAP, you would not be able to connect