Hai everybody,
I have a doubt...
How the air - fuel ratio of petrol engine is measured..
By volume or by weight.. hy..

By weight.. common a/f ratio of 14.7:1.. tht is by weight

no it is % by volume...
14.7 :1 is ratio means 1litre of petrol= 14.7 litre of air
Niki Gopani
Ahmedabad

If we do comparison of emission norms and emission factor...
Which one is greater? And why?

As per me.. emission factor must be more than norms... but I did comparison... and see the results are emission norms are greater than standards..