I have 10-3w/g cable running from my home breaker box, to my garage into a plug for a welder. I was wondering, since I don't use the welder plug anymore, could I run that 10-3 cable into a small breaker box in the garage and then run a few separate circuits from that box for a freezer, lights, etc.. In the garage? I realize this may not meet code, however where I live there are no codes (way out in the boonies), but my main question is I want to know if it is safe? I do not want to overload things. Thanks for the help.

Your plan sounds fine, just keep in mind that all you have for capacity is 30 amps, so you will need to be careful about what is used at one time. Any total load exceeding 30 amps will trip the breaker.

What you will do is not a code issue, as long as the installation is done properly. If you live in the United States, your area is covered by the National Electric Code, and I am sure there is some agency that issues permits. This may be the State electrical inspector, building dept, licensing board, consumer board, even local fire marshall, but there is somebody that has jurisdiction over electrical installations.

Being in the "boonies" is even more the reason to be sure wiring is done properly so you have no problems.

Again, your plan sounds OK.

Get a distribution box with a 2 pole (240V) 30A main breaker.