Why do we use various parameter's corrections in aviation ,like speed and temperature correction w.r.t. ambient air atc..

It helps to determine actual speed to determine time of arrival, and fuel burn, and actual elevation among others, All are important. Accuracy.

Because the standard is measured in the lab at a certain temperature such as 25 degree Celcuis. So if the temperature is different, then you use correction factors to obtain the correct value.

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