My 2004 6.0 liter diesel misses and blows blue and black smoke on hard excelleration from a stop to about 1500 rpm, then it runs fine. Any suggestions on what might cause this?

I had a 04 6.0 F250. I bought it new and traded it in @80,000 miles. They were know for the turbos going out. Does this problem happen when it is cold? Does it go away when it warms up? How many miles on the truck? Have you had it since new and know how many times it has been to the shop and for what? Reflashed?
Have you checked to make sure that your turbo hoses are tight? I know mine blew off from time to time.

Turbo, throttle position sensor, fuel filter, bad cam are a few suggestions. Unless you are a professional diesel mechanic you will likely just be throwing money at it until you get an accurate diagnosis.