I drill a hole through the board into the cement. I take the board off and put
A plastic anchor in the cement. But when I try put it back the board , I cannot match the
Hole in the cement. There are no border boundaries to go by. The board may not be
Near any corner

Is there a technique the trade uses to line up the holes??

Yes we use "Tap Cons" screws to attach wood plates boards etc. In the trades we threw out the plastic Shields 15 years same problem your having and 150 holes to go. The big box stores have them There are two thickness in them 3/16 and 1/4 Lengths 1' to 5" there's hex heads and oval heads In a big box of tap cons many times the concrete bit comes with. Here the funny kicker They say don't use the masonry drill bit to drill through the wood first it burns the tip up. Now reality Use the concrete bit to drill through the wood and another drill or screwdriver to start it. You can buy these screws in small packs or loose at some stores. Tapcons use no sheilds at all its just drill through wood don't move wood and screw in believe me it way to hard to square up a 1/4 hole in a series go tap cons

Tapcons would be a great idea but you already drilled your holes so lets try to get that to work. Put a steel or wood dole rod into the hole in the concrete and then thread your board on to this rod. Once you get the board down to the floor use a pencil to draw an outline of the board. Remove the rod and insert your screw or bolt. If you have to move the board just replace it so the outline matches.