When toilet is flushed it rises in the bowl but does not overflow. The tank fills back up with water. After about 5-10 minutes the water in the bowl goes down to about 1 inch in the bottom of the bowl.

You have obstruction inside the bowl itself. Take a 5' auger and snake the bowl. Or, you can take plunger and plunge the toilet.

In some situations, like toilet paper blockage, you can keep refilling bowl until it purges itself. It may take few cycles, but eventually it will go.

Like Milo says your toilet is clogged, open the link below will show you how to unclog it, Thanks.

John

How to Unclog a Toilet | eHow.com