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In 1975, the U.S. Senate refused to accept New Hampshire's certification that Republican Louis Wyman had won by two votes. The seat was vacant for seven months, with the Senate debate spanning 100 hours and six unsuccessful attempts to break a filibuster and vote on who should be seated. The impasse ended only when a special election was agreed to, which was won by Democrat John Durkin.
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"It is difficult to imagine a clearer case of 'textually demonstrable constitutional commitment' of an issue to another branch of government to the exclusion of the courts… than the language of Article I, section 5, clause 1 that '[e]ach House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members.' The provision states not merely that each House 'may judge' these matters, but that each House 'shall be the Judge' The exclusion of others - and in particular of others who are judges - could not be more evident."
This happened frequently in the days before the 17th amendment ;especially when the balance of free and slave states was determined by who was a Senator. Since the 17th amendment ;it has been rare. The most recent Senate case, involved Mary Landrieu's election from Louisiana in 1996.The Senate took 10 months before fully certifying Landrieu .