If I bought a $500 US Savings bond for 1 year, how much money would I make?

What type of bond is it? There are I Bonds and EE bonds, etc.

Well which one would be better? Lets say I Bond.

A $500 I bond, purchased one year ago would now be worth $515.00

So I would only make $15? Is it possible for me to get a 1 year CD for $500 and make more?

I am not sure. CD rates are pretty low right now. That figure I gave you was with 6.17% interest. I don't think you could get that on a CD.

When you purchased your bond - were you under the impression it would mature in one year?
An I Bond matures in 30 years. An EE Bond matures in 20 years.