We are going through bankruptcy and 3 c/c 's do not want to discharge part of the debt because too much money was spent in a short amount of time. If we have to pay that money back, will that be approved for a hardship? And how soon can you get money from deferred comp? Can we go to jail if we do not pay this money back?

There is no debtors prison, and of course they don't want to discharge the money if they can get the court to agree, that is what your attorney fights for and lets the judge rule.

After that you work out a payment plan with the credit card companies, or let them sue you for a judgement,
Depending on your plan, it can be a couple of months to a year, it is all just depending on the exact terms of your plan.