What do I use to protect cable running through metal studs (residential if it makes a diffrence) and what do I use to attach it to the studs to secure it?

Grommets are made for that purpose. Probably find then where you bought studs.

Greenlee make a punch, Then you will need plastic Gromets(inserts)that protect the wire.
They cost almost $200. If I didn't have one, I would borrow the Plumbers, He will need one too, and should have one. I guess drilling could be an option, I wouldn't do it.
Here is the punch:
Greenlee 710 Metal Stud Punch 1-11/32" Diameter Greenlee Tool Accessories | Toolup.com
Here are the Grommets:
Greenlee 712A100 Greenlee Bushings for Metal Stud Punches
I would shop around as I have no shopping history with these 2 companies, but does show components.