My (former) dentist overcharged my credit card for a crown. The VISA department of my bank sent the dentist a 'chargeback inquiry' to determine if my claim was valid. In response, the dentist faxed my bank a "Family History Listing" which in addition to my payment history (which seems reasonable), includes date, code, and description of the work I had done. Does this constitute a HIPAA violation?

No, in the process of the billing, to prove a debt valid or not valid, the billing information would be required.

You would have signed a normally a general release to allow your info given out for billing information. Of course if you did not mind being over charged??

Fr_Chuck is correct. It is standard billing procedure (required, in fact) that your medical documents (procedures, diagnosis, etc.) be shared with your insurance company.

That is the only way an insurance company can determine what/how to bill your account.

Nope not at all. Your dentist had to prove the charges. Since you are the one who got the ball rolling, so to speak, you gave implied consent for your dentist to release this information to the credit card company.