I incorrectly chose the automatic option rather than browse (have disk) option when the new hardware wizard popped up after attaching a device via a usb port. Now the device won't work. I now know what I should have done. How can I get back to that wizard for this device that my computer thinks is installed?

Unplug USB cable and plug device into a different USB port. THis will prompt the wizard again.

You can do that, or go into Control Panel and click the Add New Hardware icon. It will have a few more steps in the beginning, but then you will be able to select the unknown USB device from a list and go through the wizard like you had just plugged it in.

You could also right click My Computer, go to Manage, go to Device Manager, right click the device, Delete it, then under the Action menu at the top, go to Scan for Hardware Changed (or Scan Now, I can't remember which)