Why does the Bay of Fundy between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick have a tidal bore and a tidal range of over 15 meters (50 feet) while Chesapeake Bay has no bore and much lower tides?

That's not a simple question to answer. You first have to understand what causes tides to occur and what happens during the changes. The need to understand fluid dynamics and subaquatic terrain, as well.

Further checking and you'll find a place in China, at the Qiantang River, where there is an eight foot tidal wave routinely, usually in September. There's even a Tide Watch Pavilion built high for better viewing. They actually hire people with boats to go out and warn people of it, but many don't listen.
High tide at Qiantang River