According to the NEC, is an outlet and a receptacle the same thing (especially as it relates to 'required lighting outlets)?

As quoted in the NEC definitions in Article 100:
"Outlet. A point on the wiring system at which current is taken to supply utilization equipment."

This encompasses receptacles and lighting fixtures.

Note, this definition does not include wall switches, as they control current, and do not "utilize" current.

Hope this helps.