Hi!

I have seen the terms like hyper text transfer protocol, tpc/ip protocol etc. Please tell me what this protocols are?

Everything is under the RFC pages here:
IETF Home Page

You picked a topic that has too large of a scope. A protocol is essentially a language definition.

Have fun reading.

A protocol is a set of rules used in communicating and interaction. Its not just a computer term.

True. In business, you might here terms like "He didn't follow the proper protocol." An example is if someone did not call in sick. "Calling a particular person when you are suddenly sick is a protocol.".

Let me answer you specific questions somewhat. Hypertest Transfer Protocol or a URL beginning with http:// is basically the rules that determine how web pages are rendered and responded to by servers and clients.

TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It's the basic message delivery and routing instructions of the internet. It really does not have any content. Http is delivered using TCP/IP. TCP/IP says that messages can get delivered using different routes and assembled at their destination. There is another delivery protocol of the internet and that is the User Datagram protocol. This is best used for streaming where the route is know. The ends are responsible for their own encoding/decoding and messages are not standard. An example might be how a virtual com port is the messages used to implement a virtual com port over the ethernet or how communication with a print server might be implemented.

The standard internet protocals are implemented by talking to a specific port. The standard http port is port 80.

I hope this helps more.