Once a judgement is in place and monthly payments are made, does that extend the 10 year judgement? Example: The judgement has been in place for 1 year, which lives 9 years on the judgement. If a payment is made on the debt, does the 10 years start all over?

You are mixing appeles and oranges. A judgement remains in effect for 10 years and can be renewed. It has nothing to do with any payment arrangement you make. If you agree to make payments and those payments take longer than the 10 years, if you stop paying after 10 years they can sue you again for breaching the settlement.

The debt is only cancelled when paid in full for whatever payoff amount is agreed to.