I have a joint car loan. The other joint owner has no insurance and cannot make payments but has taken the car from my possession (recent meth user). Do I have any recourse in refinancing the car in my name (without the other person) and reporting the car as stolen or somehow getting the car back?

Did you talk to the joint car owner?

You can't transfer title without the co-owners permission. You can't report it as stolen when its in the possession of the co-owner.

You CAN refinance the loan in your own name if you pay off the previous loan. However, it wouldn't be a car loan since a lender is not likely to lend money without both owners.