FAM relies upon the following assumptions:
- An egg (ovum) can live inside a woman's body for 12-24 hours. However, in calculating the fertile time we use 48 hours in case more than one egg is released.
- Sperm can live in a woman's body up to 5 days after intercourse, though more often 2 days. Pregnancy is most likely if intercourse occurs anywhere from 3 days before ovulation until 2-3 days after ovulation.
- The exact time of ovulation cannot be predicted, so we add 2-3 days to the beginning and end. A woman's fertile time (“unsafe days” if she wants to prevent pregnancy) is thus about one-third of her cycle.
Pregnancy is prevented by not having sexual intercourse during the unsafe fertile time, or by using a barrier method such as male or female condom, cervical cap, or diaphragm. Alternatively, if a woman wants to get pregnant, she can know when the most likely time is.
FAM is most reliable for women with regular menstrual cycles. As a woman becomes more familiar with the signs of ovulation and the pattern of her menstrual cycle, FAM becomes more effective.