Is it possible to grow trees in an artificial environment? For example growing cherry blossom on hot country in that artificial environment, where temperature is mechanically operated.

To some extent you can, depending on the species of tree.
Cherry trees have several varieties. Keep in mind that in a pot, no matter how large, you will have a smaller tree, and tending it will be a bit like tending a large bonsai.
Depending on the original habitat, you have to control sunlight as well as temperature, and know what seasonal factors it is used to to prompt the blooming cycle.
I am sure you can find instructions online for each species.

Some commonly grown trees indoors are ficus (fig), lemon, and Norfolk Island pine.

A tree is a plant.

A "room" not really your bedroom (although you can do do some of the small trees)
What is needed is soil or support system for the tree, proper and enough lighting, and food and water for tree. If your "room" can supply this, then it will grow. But the proper and enough lighting, is an issue, as will be the amount of soil needed for a root system

Not exactly the tree but you can grow indoor plants in your room. Indoor plants require less amount of sunlight to grow. So without access to direct sunlight, you can enjoy growing plants in your room. You can have bamboo, palm tree, money plant in your room.