Quote:
Fracking produces very large volumes of waste water and, because of the concentration of NORM it contains, a permit is required to manage it. As yet, there is no economic way to clean up the waste water for drinking or irrigation purposes, but other dissolved minerals and rock debris can be removed to allow its reuse to frack additional wells. Reusing flowback like this minimizes the volume of water used in fracking, but does not avoid the problem of having large volumes of radioactively contaminated waste water that needs to be managed.
Quote:
A 2011 U.S. Geological Survey report by research geologist, Mark Engle, found that millions of barrels of wastewater from unconventional fracked wells in Pennsylvania and vertical wells in New York were 3,609 times more radioactive than the federal limit for drinking water and 300 times more radioactive than a Nuclear Regulatory Commission limit for industrial discharges to water.
In Pennsylvania, officials are studying the issue, too.
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection announced in January the agency's plan to study radiation in natural gas drilling wastewater as part of a one-year study.
In April, the DEP began testing for radioactivity in waste products from natural gas well drilling as part of the study. In addition to analyzing wastewater from fracking, the study also will analyze radioactivity in drill cuttings, drilling mud, drilling equipment, treatment solids and sediments at well pads, wastewater treatment and disposal facilities and landfill leachate.
Quote:
Safe disposal
Where the waste should go, if it is radioactive, is to an approved waste disposal facility — and there are none in North Dakota, Tillotson said. The closest are in Colorado, Utah and Idaho.
Next General Solutions has about 30 sites where it has set up lined and sealed containers to collect such materials as filter socks that are then transported to approved facilities. Most of those sites are at saltwater disposal wells.
Rhea figures maybe 20 percent of the radioactive waste is being handled the way it should be by conscientious companies.
That other 80 percent? Good question, he said.
Tillotson said the department knows some radioactive waste is properly handled. “Where the rest of it is going, we have no idea,” he said.